Liquidity And Liquidity Risk Management Essay - 1170 Words

Liquidity and Liquidity Risk Assets come in many forms, differentiating in their liquidity. Liquidity, by definition, is how easy an asset can be traded (Hertrich, 2015). Different assets have different abilities to be traded, cash being the easiest; hence cash is the most liquid asset. This causes price differentiation, where more liquid assets have higher price tags and lower trading costs (Hertrich, 2015). This makes more liquid assets more attractive for investors. When assets have low liquidity there are risks involved for investors because there is a chance that the asset cannot be turned into cash when needed. Liquidity risk calculates the difficulty of selling an asset in return for cash (Currie, 2011). Liquidity risk is associated with low liquidity; hence there is a negative relationship between liquidity and liquidity risk (Hertrich, 2015). This implies that the higher the liquidity risk of the asset, the less the possibility the asset can be traded. Typically, financial markets in developed countries are liquid; however, in the US during the Global Financial Crisis [GFC], many homeowners were unable to sell their houses due to declining prices and falling demand, so the housing market became illiquid (Currie, 2011). The GFC demonstrated how volatile liquidity can be and that â€Å"liquidity disruption could be system-wide,† seen by its global effect (Bessis, 2015). During the GFC, there was also a systemic bank crisis. At a bank’s perspective, liquidity is theShow MoreRelatedLiquidity Risk, Distinctions Between Asset Liquidity And Liability Liquidity Management Essay1838 Words   |  8 Pagesinvestigate liquidity risk, distinctions between asset liquidity and liability liquidity management, as well as the main features of an effective liquidity management. In order to gain insight of liquidity, there is a graph based on the liquidity ratio to analyze the liquidity risk of four major banks in Australia and the adva ntages and disadvantages of the liquidity ratio. Furthermore, it outlines how Basel III effects the banking liquidity management. Introduction In recent years, liquidity risk has becomeRead MoreDifferences Between Lcr And Aps 2101609 Words   |  7 Pagesand APS 210 â€Å"The new Basel III framework establishes higher liquidity requirements to ensure banks are better-equipped to absorb losses like those relating to the global financial crisis†. (Delimatsis Panagiotis, 2012) Basel III promotes LCR (liquidity coverage ratio), ratio of high quality liquid assets(HQLA) to total net liquidity outflows over 30 days. Theoretically, banks whose LCR is more than 100 percent possess sufficient liquidity to withstand a month of elevated financial stress. (HouseRead MoreFinancial Services : Hsbc Bank1663 Words   |  7 Pagesreferred to the liquidity management in HSBC Bank, seen from the statistics of annual report of HSBC, this bank did not suffer a great impact of 2008 financial crisis. Analysts focus on the efficiency of HCBS model, make some general experiences that banks can learn from the HSBC bank (Choudhry, Landuyt 2010). In fact, the HSBC model did not was a very specific model to rescue the bank in liquidity management risks, it consists some very basic principles in banking and liquidity risk management. It is aRead MoreBasel 2 is the second Basel after Basel Accords known as Basel 1. By using Basel 2 in Australia,1100 Words   |  5 Pageswith the single risk profiles of financial institutions, a bank with greater exposure to the risk of peers who will hold more capital, while the less exposed to the risk that will hold less capital. Picture 1.1 Picture 1.1 shows that Basel 1 (Accord) has a risk-weighted at one hundred percent with $100 loan to the corporate entity and a total capital charge of $8. Beside that, through a standardized approach of Basel II, the corporate entity is rating AA, generate credit risk capital charge ofRead MoreRisk Management Program For The Small Community Bank1314 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolves an amount of risk. A risk management program, which identifies, analyzes, treats, and monitors risks, is necessary for the bank’s operations. Mitigation strategies are implemented against potential losses or a bank failure. The executive in charge of developing and integrating the program is the Chief Risk Officer (CRO). The risk management program for the community bank addresses ten risks associated with Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) or traditional risk management processes, while attainingRead MoreThe Burst Of The Housing Bubble Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe fundamental factors, which are credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, and operational risk, relating to the financial crisis between 2007 and 2008. Credit Risk Credit risk refers to the probability of loss due a borrower’s failure to meet its financial obligations on any type of debt. Credit risk may involve the potential lost from the principle, interest rate, coupon, insurance, bankruptcy, and etc. It is crucial for bank to manage credit risk, and maintain it exposure within an acceptableRead MoreRisk Management For Islamic Banks1717 Words   |  7 Pages[28], [29], [18], [21], highlighted the Risk management for Islamic banks in different countries and the differences between them and Conventional banks. Where [21] conducted a field study of risk management and Islamic banks, where a study on 17 Islamic bank in 10 countries (including Bahrain, Egypt, Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates). And suggests that Risk Management for Islamic banks include three basic components: Establishing Appropriate Risk Management Environment and Sound Policies and ProceduresRead MoreThe Value Of Instruments With Intermediate And Long Maturities166 9 Words   |  7 PagesTD Bank would need to take into account when managing interest rate risk the effect of on its net income and net interest income in order to evaluate the input of noninterest income and operating outlays toward the interest rate risk exposure. In particular, a bank with significant fee income should assess the extent to which that fee income is sensitive to rate vicissitudes. From a capital perspective, a bank should consider how intermediate (two years to five years) and long-term (more than fiveRead MoreBank Accounting Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagesthe undistributed profits and reserves, retained earnings, profits, and their authentication whether an adequate capital are generated through this channel or not. †¢ To determine the quality sources of earnings and incomes, budgeting policies and Management Information Systems (MIS). Ratings Criteria for Earnings:- †¢ A rating of A+ or 1 states that a bank has strong and sufficient earnings to support operations and conserve an adequate capital level and allowances after taking into consideration theRead MoreRole of Bank Capital1375 Words   |  6 Pagesequal with the amount of risks assumed and hold enough to weather severe and considerably long financial storms. Roles of Bank Capital Banks are susceptible to many forms of systematic risk which at times can evolve into industrial crisis. The risks they face include credit risk, market risk, business risk and interest rate risk to name a few. And bank capital plays an essential role in the absorption of losses related to these risks. Credit Risk Credit risk is the risk that an obligator will

Study of Job Satisfaction at Infosys and Its Implications...

Study of Job Satisfaction at Infosys And Its Implications for Motivating Employees at Infosys DeeptiVedala A018 vedaladeepti@yahoo.com Project Management (Major Project) M.Pharm (Pharmaceutics) + MBA Trimester II ABSTRACT: The main aim of the study is to determine the job satisfaction of employees in Infosys. It includes determining various parameters that influence job satisfaction and also the present level of satisfaction of the employees. To understand employees perceptions about the job and come up with recommendations for the company to improve the level of job satisfaction. The method used to perform the study was a Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of various sections like†¦show more content†¦Weiss (2002) has argued that job satisfaction is an attitude but points out that researchers should clearly distinguish the objects of cognitive evaluation which are affect (emotion), beliefs and behaviors .This definition suggests that we form attitudes towards our jobs by taking into account our feelings, our beliefs, and our behaviours. Job satisfaction can also be defined as either as the overall or general job satisfaction of an employee or as the satisfaction with certain facets of the job such as the work itself, coworkers, supervision, pay, working conditions, company policies, procedures and opportunities for promotion(Smith et al.,1969).Based upon these two view points of job satisfaction , it may be measures either as the general or overall satisfaction of an employee with the job or it may be measured as the satisfaction of an employee with the various work facets. For the present study the former view of job satisfaction has adopted OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: Presently the Indian IT and ITES industry has the largest attrition rate as compared to otherindustries. Not only the startup companies but also the established companies have been finding it difficult to retain employees. With the unprecedented boom in the IT industry the size of the industry has grown very big and with major IT players employing a huge number of employees, it has become very important to determine the factors that influence job satisfaction in this industry and come up withShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Motivation16686 Words   |  67 Pagesin its operational and management approach to cope up with such changes. Henceforth employees working in companies have to be motivated consistently in order to channelize their potential for achievement of organizational objectives. Those organizations face the problem of high attrition rate who fail to motivate their employees. Theres often a single element that differentiates companies with enthusiastic employees from those that suffer high rates of dissatisfaction and turnover: motivation. WhileRead MoreA Study on Customer Satisfaction on Bsnl Mobile Services15977 Words   |  64 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of Problem A study has been conducted in order to understand the Customers opinion and Satisfaction level of Mobile Services of BSNL in East Godavari District, researchtitledâ€Å"A STUDY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION FOR BSNL MOBILE SERVICES IN RAJAHMUNDRY REGION†has been conducted. 1.2 Importance of the Study In todays competitive business world and challenging economy, retaining your customer base is critical to your success. If you dont giveRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 PagesDonald N. Sull and Charles Spinosa 90 The Leadership Team: Complementary Strengths or Conï ¬â€šicting Agendas? Stephen A. Miles and Michael D. Watkins 100 Avoiding Integrity Land Mines Ben W. Heineman, Jr. 20 33 FORETHOUGHT HBR CASE STUDY Why Didn t We Know? Ralph Hasson 45 FIRST PERSON Preparing for the Perfect Product Launch THOU SHALT †¦page 58 James P. Hackett 111 TOOL KIT The Process Audit Michael Hammer 124 BEST PRACTICE Human Due Diligence DavidRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesHodgetts, Fred Luthans, Jonathan Doh. 6th ed. 2006. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-811257-7 ISBN-10: 0-07-811257-5 1. International business enterprises—Management. 2. International business enterprises—Management—Case studies. I. Doh, Jonathan P. II. Hodgetts, Richard M. International management. III. Title. HD62.4.H63 2012 658 .049—dc22 2011002070 www.mhhe.com Dedicated in Memory of Richard M. Hodgetts A Pioneer in International Management Education iii

Cultural Impact on Healthcare in India

Question: Describe the current efforts to decrease the morbidity and mortality of the issue or disease. Answer: Introduction: Tuberculosis an ancient chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis still remains one of the leading causes of death across the globe. Under developed and developing countries being the worst affected. There are three types of TB namely MDR multi drug resistant), XDR (extensively drug resistant) and TDR (Totally drug resistant). India has become highest TB burden country with 3.2 million out of 8.7 million cases globally as per 2011 survey by WHO. Approximately 40% of Indian population is affected by various types of TB. India is the seventh largest country of Asia and second most populous country in the world. It has tenth largest GDP and third largest PPP in the world (Davies, 2007). Risk factors: Several factors act as a risk factor for development of TB (Faurholt-Jepsen, 2011). Some of them are mentioned as below: Poverty Drug abuse Diabetes Low quality of living HIV Cultural impact on healthcare in India: The diverse religions, cultures and languages in India deeply influence its health care system and present several challenges in managing common to complex diseases. Often primary care is not being assessed which results into adverse affect upon health (Worthington Gogne, 2011). Programs and planning to eradicate TB: Several programs both from governmental and non-governmental organizations are being run aiming to minimize the number of cases and slowly to eradicate TB from the country. Government recently started a five year plan (2012 -2017) the theme of which is that all TB patients should get access to quality diagnosis and treatment in the community. Major focus of the plan is early detection of the disease including the drug resistant form (Lnnroth, 2010). References: Davies, J. B., Shorrocks, A., Sandstrom, S., Wolff, E. N. (2007). The world distribution of household wealth.Center for Global, International and Regional Studies. Faurholt-Jepsen, D., Range, N., PrayGod, G., Jeremiah, K., Faurholt-Jepsen, M., Aabye, M. G., ... Friis, H. (2011). Diabetes is a risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis: a case-control study from Mwanza, Tanzania.PLoS One,6(8), e24215. Lnnroth, K., Castro, K. G., Chakaya, J. M., Chauhan, L. S., Floyd, K., Glaziou, P., Raviglione, M. C. (2010). Tuberculosis control and elimination 201050: cure, care, and social development.The Lancet,375(9728), 1814-1829. Worthington, R. P., Gogne, A. (2011). Cultural aspects of primary healthcare in india: A case-based analysis.Asia Pacific family medicine,10(1), 1-5.

The Victims Of Rape Essays - Rape, Laws Regarding Rape,

The Victims Of Rape The Victims of Rape Rape is a crime that not only takes hurts someone for the moment, but it shatters their entire life. Most women never fully recover from being a victim of rape. There are all different types of women who are raped each day, yet there tends to be a specific profile for the most frequent rape victims. There are many factors that come into play when dealing with rape, such as: the victim-offender relationship, alcohol consumption, and a prior record. Also there are many myths about the rape victim. Rape is an extremely sensitive issue for women, victims and non-victims alike. The Uniform Crime Reports and the National Crime Victimization Survey indicate that Black and Hispanic women are at a higher risk for being a victim of rape than White women. Women from ages 20-24 are the most likely to experience rape crime. Women with less education and lower income are also at a higher risk of becoming a victim of rape. Those women that are in the lowest family income category experience the highest rate of rape. Also the women who reside in the city are twice vulnerable to rapes than that of women who live in suburban or rural areas. Finally, unmarried women tend to be victimized more than married women. Thus, the model rape victim would be a black, unmarried female with little to no education, ranging from ages 20- 24, who lives in a central city, obtaining a low income. Fifty-five percent of women are victimized by someone whom they know; the remaining are raped by a stranger according to The National Crime Victimization Survey Report. A stranger injures sixty percent of women in some way during a rape. Regardless of the relationship between the victim and offender, most women report their victimization. More females who know their offender do not report the rape, than those whose offenders are strangers. Women are more likely to report a rape victimization if she sustained a serious injury, she required any type of immediate medical attention, or if the offender used a weapon in the crime. Bachman's study confirmed the findings of the NCVS report. In analyzing the relationship between the rape victim reporting the crime and their social/economic status, found that victims of a lower social/economic status report the rape more frequently than those of a high status. Amir's study of forcible rapes concluded that the presence of alcohol in the victim only occurred in ten percent of the victimizations. Richardson and Campbell found that the victim was considered to be more responsible for the rape when she was drunk. The victim was liked less and perceived to be more immoral and aggressive when she was under the influence of alcohol. However, Norris and Cubbins suggested that the man was attributed a higher degree of responsibility than the women, when both had consumed alcohol. In a series of interviews of rape victims conducted by Diana Russell, the majority of women expressed surprise that they were rape victims. They also had two widely held myths about rape: first, that it is very difficult, if even possible, for a woman to be raped; and second, that the rapist would be a stranger to them, not a friend. One woman stated that she did not refuse a date with a man, who eventually raped her, from her English class because she though it would have been rude. Another women did not report her rape because she believed that people would think that the rape could not of happened to a woman who did not want it or allow it to happen. All the women interviewed discussed common culturally held myths about rape: if they had been a ?good? girl it would not of happened, it was their fault because they should not of worn the outfit they were wearing, they should not of gone out with the guy, or that they did not fight back hard enough. Hursch's review of the results of the 1973 Denver study, discussing attitudes towards rape are not surprising. Some of the myths analyzed are: ?Most ?rapes' are false accusations filed by women who are trying to get even with some man.? ?Rape is a